PCD tools are manufactured using cemented carbide baking which provides the necessary metal source (e.g. cobalt) in order to carry out the sintering process. During the production process, the metal from the carbide substrate penetrates between the diamond grains, allowing them to be bonded together.
Apart from terminal olefins, which react easily (10 bar H2, 60°C), internal ones also can be hydrogenated. For example, trisubstituted double bonds (2f and 2g) were reduced at 150°C and 40 bar H2 in 97 and 92% yield, respectively. Obviously, this opens the possibility of selective hydrogenation of an easily accessible double bond in the presence of a less reactive one (47), as was shown for the formation of 2w. At 60°C, the terminal double bond was selectively hydrogenated, while the internal was not.
Jiang, L. et al. A nontoxic disulfide bond reducing method for lipophilic drug-loaded albumin nanoparticle preparation: formation dynamics, influencing factors and formation mechanisms investigation. Int. J. Pharm. 443, 80–86 (2013).
Li, J. H., Tan, Q., Li, J. F., Liu, D. W., Li, F., Li, Z. Y., Zou, M. M. & Wang, K. BiSbTe-based nanocomposites with high ZT: the effect of SiC nanodispersion on thermoelectric properties. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 4317–4323 (2013).
An American company launched in 1961 pioneered the multi-layer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) which was more compact and had higher capacitance. As of 2012 more than 10^12 barium-titanate MLCCs are produced each year.
The pictured tank is quite small, though (for a rocket). As you go larger, you need more pressure inside to keep the tank from buckling, and forces in the wall go up with radius * pressure. For a fixed tensile strength you need to increase thickness with force, but that increases mass, which then requires a bigger tank to carry more fuel. Moving to a higher tensile strength material and/or manufacturing technique with tighter tolerances becomes more attractive as you move up in scale.
An ideal, industrially relevant catalyst should make use not only of base metals but also of inexpensive and renewable ligands/supports. In this context, we introduced the crab shell–derived biopolymer chitosan for catalyst preparation, both in hydrodehalogenations of alkyl and (hetero)aryl halides (32), as well as the selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes (33). Chitosan is derived by deacetylation of chitin, which represents a biowaste on a million metric ton scale (34). Despite the availability, cheap price, and known coordination to a variety of metals (35, 36) of this biopolymer, its use in heterogeneous catalysis still is narrow (37, 38). In addition, an efficient catalyst recycling is important especially for bulk chemical applications. In this respect, magnetic nanostructered materials might offer innovative potential (39).
27. Quadrajet carburetors are easily identified by the GM part number stamped into the main body casting (arrow). If you see 702 or 704, you’ve found an older Quadrajet.
The authors would like to thank Dr. Charles P. Cartin, Director of the Biomechanics Core Lab at Virginia Commonwealth University for his help in conducting the mechanical testing. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number AR052102. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The study was also funded by AB Dental; in addition, AB Dental supplied materials for the study. DBX was provided as a gift from the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation. AC is supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.
Li, J. F., Liu, W. S., Zhao, L. D. & Zhou, M. High-performance nanostructured thermoelectric materials. NPG Asia Mater 2, 152–158 (2010).
To fabricate MXene films with thicknesses larger than ~1 μm, we vacuum-filtered the MXene colloidal solution—the same solution that we used for spray coating. To compare the MXene films made via different fabrication routes (sprayed or filtered), we used XRD (Fig. 1D). Because MXene synthesis involves aqueous solutions, water molecules are present between the individual 2D flakes. To remove the interlayer water and increase MXene film conductivity, we treated them at 150°C for 24 hours under vacuum. The XRD pattern for the as-sprayed samples on the PET substrate has a broad (002) peak around 5.2°, showing an interlayer spacing of ~17 Å for the MXene film. After thermal treatment, the peak shifts to 6.1° and sharpens, which indicates improved flake alignment and a smaller interlayer spacing of ~14.5 Å. However, the as-filtered films have even smaller interlayer spacing of ~12.9 Å, and thermal treatment further removes the water in between the 2D MXene sheets and leads to an interlayer spacing of ~10.6 Å. Hence, filtered films have less confined water in the structure and higher conductivities, as discussed below.
Kim, C., Song, J. M., Lee, J. S. & Lee, M. J. All-solution-processed nonvolatile flexible nano-floating gate memory devices. Nanotechnology 25, 014016 (2014).
Depsipeptide Intermediates Interrogate Proposed Biosynthesis of Cereulide, the Emetic Toxin of Bacillus cereus | Metal Sintered Filter Sheet Related Video:
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